1940s Essay Example

1940s Essay The Decade of the 1940s Nickenha Ashley History of Psychology Dr. Specht November 20th, 2013 The 1940s was a great period of well-known events in history. One of the most important events of the decade was World War II, which basically ruled the 1940s. World War II started on September 1, 1939 beginning with the German invasion of Poland; and Britain and France declaring war on German two days later. It was the most costly and destructive war in history and its effects, for good and ill, were felt far beyond the battlefields. After the war was over the United States entered a period of reat prosperity, an increase in the birthrate produced more consumers who fueled the economy and made the United States the most powerful nation (Hills, 1958, p. 56). It is safe to say that the 1940s was one of the many decades that influenced and shaped the future of the American society, with the many challenges and hardship that the United States faced within this decade. The events that took place in the 1940s changed the American society forever. It was a time of hardship and every aspect of life were affected by World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on 1940s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on 1940s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on 1940s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The rights of different groups of people ere also an issue during the 1940s, the inventions of different technology like computers, nuclear weapons, and rockets affected the whole world and television began to change Americans lives. The 1940s were defined by World War II. The war began on December 7, 1941 after the Japanese attached the United States Naval Base in Hawaii. President Roosevelt came on the radio the next morning and announced that the United Sates was going to war. Roosevelt explained that the war was inevitable and that in order to win this war, the United States needed support from all Americans, and the next day Congress declared war on Japan (Sullivan, 1991). The United States and the Allies were not successful in the beginning of the war, and President Roosevelt encouraged Americans on the home front, and General Eisenhower commanded troops in Europe. After a disastrous beginning, the United States began to take the offensive and gradually began to turn the tide against Axis armies in Africa, Europe and on while Japan was not an easy defeat, and a secret atomic bomb had to be used against the Japanese mainland. In August of 1945 Japan surrendered and World War II ended. The cost and sacrifices of the war were shocking. This 1,364 day war cost the United States and estimated $341 billion and 407, 318 American soldiers (Uschan, 1999, p. 12-17). This was a huge price to pay for victory, and could not have been done without the actions by the civilians on the home front during World War II. World War II was not only fought by the troops overseas, but also by our American women and children. When the war was declared, a lot of American men enlisted or were drafted into the armed forces, causing a labor shortage in factories and other blue collar Jobs. Because of this the United States had to turn to its female population to replenish the labor supply. Women began to work in factories, making bullets and riveting planes, tanks, and other war supplies. By 1943, half the workers on American assembly lines and factories were women. This was the first time in American history that women held Jobs that had been regarded as for men only. Children were also able to participate in helping with the war, they collected scrap metal, old tires, and even toothpaste tubes that were recycled and used to make more war supplies. Children also grew victory gardens, which supplied one third of the fresh vegetables consumed in the United States (Duden, 1989, p. 1-21). As a result of these social trends during World War II, women gained a new independence and were able to enter the workforce in much larger numbers and in a different capacity. Racial discrimination was still a norm in the United States during the start of the 1940s. By the end of the decade, those attitudes were beginning to change because of the events of the past 10 years. In the early 1900s, African Americans began a great migration from the rural south to the northern cities. This migration began during the WWII era because the war caused labor shortages, and African Americans ad a chance of getting Jobs in northern factories. The migration benefited both the African American population and economy. African Americans and whites served together in the military and business world, but the United States was still a segregated society. After World War II ended, African Americans were eager to be accepted, and one of the first breakthroughs came by way of Americas pastime, baseball. Only white players were allowed on the major league teams. African Americans had to play in their own segregated league. A number of famous African American baseball stars were eager to make a break for the big eagues. In 1947 the Brooklyn Dodgers drafted a young infielder named Jackie Robinson, the first Negro to achieve major-league baseball status in modern times (Effrat, 1947). Although it was unknown to him at the time, but he would end up being a symbol of hope that a multi- racial society could exist. Throughout the season Robinson received death threats and racial insults but racism could not stop him. Robinson stayed with the team and even went on to win the World Series and was even named rookie of the year. Technology started to rocket in the early 1940s, but it was the early stages of films nd television. Walt Disney was one of the biggest cartoon film makes then. This was the start of Walt Disneys famous career. Walt Disney released Pinocchio, Dumbo, The computer was also one of the most significant technological advances made in the 1940s. In 1946 the first all-electronic digital computer named ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was developed. This computer was able to do as much work in one hour as most people could do in one week (Duden, 1989, p. 30). Even though the television was invented in the late 1930s, it did not gain much popularity at the start of the decade. When World War II began, production of television and other electronics was stopped in order to devote factory capacity to the war effort. After the war ended, the ban on the production of electronics was lifted and televisions began rolling off the assembly lines again. The increasing amount of disposable income of consumers after the war had television flying off the shelves of stores around the country. The Olympic Games in 1948 were shown on television and attracted the largest broadcast audience in history (Peterson, J. R. ). Colored television achieved realism when CBS demonstrated the first color television in New York City, nd WNBT, making New York City the countrys first regular television station, broadcasting to about 10,000 viewers (http://www. nytimes. com). The television created a social impact on the United States in many ways, people were buying televisions in record numbers and television was becoming a common part of life (Duden, 1989, p. 43). The television movement impacted life in the United States in many ways and provided Americans with easier access to information and entertainment with pictures and words. The atomic bomb, one of the most powerful and deadly technological advances in history, was developed in the 1940s. In 1941, nuclear physicists discovered that two uranium derivatives, U-235 and plutonium, could be used to create rapid fission. In December of 1942 a physicist named Enrico Fermi created the first nuclear reaction. The first time the bomb was used was August of 1945 when the bombing of Japan occurred (Fyson, 1999, p. 6). This Marilyn Monroe advertisement was very effective in the 1940s. This was used to endorse the production in sales for Lustre Company. Though this shampoo may work well as any other shampoos, this advertisement was meant to reach out to the fans of Marilyn Monroe. When this ad was put out we can assume that many of Marilyn Monroes fans bought this product causing this company to mak e a lot of money, which made this advertisement very effective. This poster is of Uncle Sam in the 1940s looks very convincing. This poster was recruiting anyone WWII, it was very demanding and inspired young people to Join the armys frontlines and serve for their country. This advertisement was very effective as it made people think that it was their Job to protect the country and run the front lines. up no matter what. Being the first black man to play baseball he was faced with a lot of obstacles, hate messages and death threats being sent to him, but this did not top him. This advertisement served as a motivator for others, and gives others hope that though they may be of different color they can still do things the same as any other race. This advertisement is of one of the first Walt Disney movies created. This advertisement was effective because it showed the first movie created by Disney and was convincing to others to go and watch it. The economy of the 1940s can be easily divided into two periods: the economy during the war and the economy after the war. After World War II the U. S. economy was drastically altered, the involvement of America in the war boosted the economy uring the war years and set the foundation for the US to become an economic superpower (Vatter, H. G. 1985). One of the most applauding economic achievements by the U. S. during WWII was the elimination of unemployment. During this period, employment went up from 47. 52 million to 53. 96 million, over a 13% increase. Unemployment rates had fallen from 4. 7% in 1942 and declined to 1. 2% in 1944 (Williams, R. M. 1994). This was more a significance because of the diminished labor force caused by the 11 million men and women entering the armed forces during this period. The labor force was one of the main reasons U. S. ndustry was able to meet the great demand in productivity created by the war. Because of the shortages of goods such as, meat, shoes, gasoline, and sugar President Roosevelt and his administration created what was called the Office of Price Administration. This was ordered to hold the line against rising prices and this was successful from April of 1943 to February of 1946, and they were able to hold the annual rate of inflation to only 1. 6% (Williams, R. M. 1994). The U. S. involvement in the war raised the economy to new heights. Over 17 million Jobs were created, industrial production went up, and corporate profits doubled. After the war ended, Americans learned the extent of the Holocaust. Realization of the power of prejudice helped lead to Civil Rights reforms over the next 3 decades. The GI Bill of Rights was passed entitling returning soldiers to a college education. In 1949, there were 3 times as many colleges degrees issued as in 1940, college became available to those who were capable rather the privileged. Being as education was becoming so accessible, in Germany Hitler was eliminating artists whose ideas didnt agree with his. Because of this many of the artists migrated to the US, where they had a huge effect on American artists. One of the art styles hat were popular was abstract expressionism, which showed raw emotions. The art style of abstract expressionism was the first specifically American artistic movement that influenced the world and put New York City at the center of the world (http:// www. learningzoneclass. com/aoatl 1 /beltran/art. html). One of the most famous artists of the 1940s was Paul Jackson Pollock, and one of his most famous art works is Number 5. Like art, music reflected American enthusiasm, and American composers remained more traditional and at the beginning of the decade bands dominated popular music. Radio became the lifeline for Americans in the 1940s. Providing news, music and entertainment, much like television today. Shows included soap operas, government relied heavily on radio for propaganda, and the radio faded and TV became more prominent and accessible, and most popular shows on the radio started to show on TV. TV also had an effect on the food people ate, frozen dinners were invented and they became known as TV dinners. The Jitterbug dance was also developed in the 1940s, and it was the first dance that allowed individual expressionism. Rosie the Riverter was the symbol of the working woman as the men off to war and women were needed to work in factories. Tupperware and aluminum foil became popular in the 1940s as well as a way to ease the postwar housewives burdens, and the slinky was developed in 1945 as a way to keep kids occupied. Fashion was the fad with the most influence and changed the way women would look at clothes. The convertible suit, which is still popular today, was designed for the working woman and carried on until the war ended. Once the war was over, Christian Dior introduced the New look. This look included feminine dresses with long, full skirts, tight waists and comfortable low heeled shoes, which soon swept the country as the new trend (Peacock, 1998). Make up was also socially acceptable and hair was curled very tightly and was shoulder length. With men home from war and back to work, women had more time to focus on themselves, which was exactly what the new look was trying to accomplish. In 1948, Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by Hindu fanatic, and Burma and Ceylon was granted independence by Britain. Although World War II dominated the decade of the 1940s another major international event that taking was taking place was the Holocaust, and Jews being put into concentration camps. The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, were the perpetrators of the Holocaust. The Nazis targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovahs witnesses, Communists, twins, and the disabled. Some of these people tried to hide from the Nazis like Anne Frank and her family, some were successful and some were not. Those that were captured suffered sterilization, forced resettlement, separation from family and friends, beatings, tortures, starvation, and/or death (http://www. istoryl 900s. about. com/od/holocaust/tp/ holocaust. htm). The discovery of penicillin in the 1940s revolutionized medicine. Developed first to help the military personnel survive war wounds, it also helped increase survival rates or surgery. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from a pile of petri dishes in his sink that were growing bact eria. After taking samples of mold he found that it was from the penicillium family, and named it penicillin and found that it was nontoxic and sufficient in treating many types of bacteria harmful to man. Unfortunately, the interest in penicillin did not peak again until World War II, and it was Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who continued the research and found a way to purify, and presented this powerful antibiotic to the world (http:// www. essortment. com/alexander-flemming-discovery-penicillin-40564. tml). In 1943 Fleming was presented the Award of Distinction for his discovery of the miracle drug and of similar award to Dr. Howard W. Florey of Oxford University, in recognition of his pioneer contributions to our knowledge of the value of penicillin as a In 1945 The Journal of Clinical Psychology was founded. In 1999 a study was done to examine the mental and medical health care utilization of World War II survivors and the characteristics of survivors seeking professional health care. Forty seven years after WWII ended, a random sample of 4,057 Dutch WWII survivors answered a our-page questionnaire, and out of that 1,461 of those persons subsequently answered an extensive follow-up questionnaire (Bramsen, Henk, 1999). Twenty two percent had sought some form of health care for war-related complaints at some time since WWII, and most consultations were made in the 1940s. It was found that most consultations were made to general practitioners or to a medical specialist as opposed to mental health specialists. Results showed that 59% of the highly-exposed respondents with posttraumatic stress disorders had not sought professional help in he years of 1990-1992 (Bramsen, Henk, 1999). In a study done by Audrey Rieger to test differences in personality using the Rorschach test that was invented in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach to determine personality characteristics and evaluate emotional health. This study was designed to study personality patterns of certain specific occupational groups as reflected in the individual Rorschach test to determine if differences between such groups do occur and if the differences are meaningful in practical situations (Rieger, 1949). Results showed that personality differences between the occupational groups had some ignificant results, but the Rorschach scores failed to differentiate the groups in practice. Most of the differences appeared to be related to variations in response total. The only important result is the distinction found between those who deal with verbal concepts (mostly administrators and personnel workers) and those who dealt with their hands (supervisors and foremen) (Rieger, 1949). In 1949 David Wechsler published the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. This was used as tools in school placement, determining the presence of a learning disability, or developmental delay. It was also used to identify giftedness among children, and track their intellectual development. In 1946 Lindner, and Gurvitz did a research on the restandardization of the revised beta examination to yield the Wechsler type of Q. The revised Beta examination has been restandardized to accomplish three purposes: the administration and scoring procedures have been improved, the sample of adults upon which new norms were based on were selected to represent the 1940 Census with respect to education and socio-economic status within several groups from twenty years and above (Lindner, Gurvitz, 1946). The standardization lso permitted the securing of Beta IQs which were similar to the IQs on the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The 1940s was an important decade to study because of the history that took place, which can give us a better understanding of the American and heritage and to appreciate the power and freedom that was enjoyed by this country in the 21st century. This decade produced many different changes in the political, social, and technological aspects of life. World War II was a major factor that influenced all of these aspects throughout the decade. Bramsen, 1. , Van der Ploeg, H. M. (1999). Use of Medical and Mental Health Care by World War II Survivors in the Netherlands. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(2), 243-261. Rieger, A. F. (1949). The Rorschach test and Occupational Personalities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 33(6), 572-578. 1943, December 14. Discoverer tells penicillin story: Dr. Alexander Fleming speaks from London in broadcast to accept award here. The New York Times, p. 13. 1949, December 23. Radio, Video: CBS color system tests to start Jan 2. Here and in capital. The New York Times, p. 36. Hills, K. (1958, June 10). World War. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www. academicsearchpremier. com DudenJ. (1989). Timelines: 1940s. 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Crestwood House. Peacock, J. (1998). Fashion sourcebooks: The 1940s. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson. Sullivan, G. (1991). The day Pearl Harbor was bombed. New York, NY: Scholastic. Fyson, N. (1999). World War Two. In D. Marks (Ed. ), World book of Encyclopedia. Uschan, M. (1999). A cultural history of the United States: 1940s. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books. Peterson, J. R. (2010). World War Two. Retrieved from http://cnn. com. Rosenberg, J. (2013). The Holocaust. Retrieved from http://history1900s. about. com/od/holocaust/ tp/holocaust. htm Alexander Fleming and the discovery of Penicillin. Retrieved from ttp://www. essortment. om/alexander-fleming-discovery-penicillin-40564. html. Vatter, H. G. (1985). The U. S. economy in World War II. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Williams, R. M. (1994). The politics of boom and bust in the twentieth century America. St. Paul: West Publishing. The generation to remember: Art of the 1940s. Retrieved from http:// learningzoneclass. com/aoatll/beltran/art. html. The Walt Disne y studios history. Retrieved from http://www. studioservices. go. com/ disneystudios/history. html. Effrat, L. (1947, April 11). Royals star signs with Brooks today. The New York Times, p. 20.

Save the Costa Rican Rainfores essays

Save the Costa Rican Rainfores essays The Costa Rican Rainforest is one of the worlds most precious and useful natural resources in the world. It contains plants that have been used throughout history to cure disease, ease pain, provide food, and maintain health. Many cultures depend on the rainforest for life. By destroying a significant area of the ever-shrinking rainforest to build the Goliath Coffee Company, both known and undiscovered plants that hold great potential will be destroyed forever. It is true to say that the Goliath Coffee Company has potential for providing benefits in this area. It can provide jobs for the local people and help bring more money into the country. However, the local people of Costa Rica have shown that they do not want this monstrosity of a company invading their precious lands. Jobs and money are not important to these villagers, and they are willing to fight for what is rightfully their land. These people have lived off the earth for far too long to not understand the significance of their land, and they know that their National Park needs to be saved from companies such as this one. The rainforest has always been exploited, but has been recently destroyed at a quite a rapid rate, due to the desire for industrialization and the prime growing conditions it possesses. In Western Ecuador the forest has been depleted more then 90 percent since 1938. Today, over half of the areas plants and animals are threatened or extinct. There are many similar situations around the globe, such as the Southwestern Ivory Coast, where rainforests went from 160,000 square kilometers, to 16,000 square kilometers in four decades due to slash and burn farming, and logging. Other places such as Madagascar, the Himalayas, and the Philippines have been cleared of precious forestlands for farming and industrialization. These forest are destroyed of its plants and animals, most of which are only found in those particular regions. Many of these speci...

International Trade Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Trade Law - Essay Example The Hague Visby Rules after defining key terms such as 'carrier" (Art.1a), proceeded to define 'contract of carriage' as contract for shipment of goods "covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title" (Art.1b). It further defined 'carriage of goods' as that period commencing "from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship" (Art.1e). It also limits its coverage only to outgoing shipments from UK and excludes imported or ingoing goods and limits the liabilities of the common carrier. To give muscles and teeth to the provisions of the Hague Visby Rules, the UK Carriage of Goods By Sea Act of 1971 amended in 1992 was enacted (Laryea 2002,p.56). In contrast to the Hague Visby Rules, the Hamburg Rules which was an offshoot of the 1978 UN Convention On The Carriage of Goods By Sea (Yiannopoulos 1995,p.8), widened the liabilities and responsibilities of the carrier over the shipped goods and included in its ambit all carriage of goods whether exports or imports (Gillies & Moens 1998,p.183) as well as contracts for the carriage of goods whether evidenced or not by a bill of lading (Art.2). It also exonerates Of common importance to both the Hague Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules is the extreme importance accorded to a bill of lading. Both emphasise that the bill of lading is the contract between the parties which is enforceable before the courts of law. It is the written acknowledgement of receipt of goods accompanied with the written stipulation that such goods shall be transported by the carrier, on behalf of the shipper, to a consignee at a designated place. A bill of lading must state the "condition of the goods,the date of receipt and or shipment, the leading marks necessary for identification of the goods, the quantity of the goods, the number of packages or pieces, or weight of the goods" (Laryea 2002,p.65). It is important because its contents are deemed as containing all that the parties have agreed and therefore, such bill of lading cannot be varied by parol evidence unless fraud, mistake or ambiguity is adduced. Thus, the carrier may adduce evidence that in fact, the goods h ad already been damaged at the time of shipment and that shipper is thus guilty of fraud by misdeclaration (The Tromp,1921). It is even more important because it empowers the consignee or buyer to obtain delivery from the carrier at destination after presentation of the original bill which is transmitted ahead. (This 'shipped bill of lading' shall be discussed in the latter part of this paper). Another of its importance is that it enables the buyer to sell the goods to a third party while the goods are in transit (Gillies & Moens 1998,p.125) or to transfer

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Do the Training & Development initiatives impact the bottom line Dissertation

Do the Training & Development initiatives impact the bottom line - Dissertation Example Development needs of the employees have to be addressed as well. Organizations need to ensure top management support and involvement in devising the training programmes. Training needs analysis has to be scientifically conducted. The study also finds that cross-training is successfully carried out by organizations but cross-cultural and diversity training lacks the necessary outcome. This is the reason for high rate of failure in cross-cultural and diversity training. Recommendations for further studies in the area have been suggested. Limitations to the study have been highlighted. The data presented here is reliable and valid. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Rationale for research 4 1.4 Research aims & objectives 5 1.5 Significance of the study 5 1.6 Organization of the study 5 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Training & Development 7 2.3 Benefits of training 11 2.4 Training Types 12 2.5 Training needs Analysi s 16 2.6 Barriers to T&D 18 2.7 Evaluation of T&D 19 2.8 Summary of Literature Review 21 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research philosophy 22 3.2 Purpose of the research and the research phenomenon 22 3.3 Research design 22 3.4 Research Strategy – justification for the chosen method 24 3.5 Research Methodology 25 3.6 Ethical issues 26 3.7 Data Analysis 27 Chapter IV Findings 28 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 39 5.2 Recommendations 43 5.3 Limitations 43 5.4 Reliability and validity 43 References 45 Tables & Figures Figure I Research â€Å"Onion† 23 Table I Expatriate Failure rates 31 Table II: Causes of Failure in an overseas environment 32 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Managing of... The intention of this study are training and development that becomes essential because human capital has been recognized as the most important asset and the key to gaining competitive advantage in the ever-changing business environment. Organizations invest in equipments but they consider employee training as a cost. To sustain competition and to be successful organizations have to continually learn. This requires considering employee training as an investment into the future and not as a cost. The importance of training has been recognized by many researchers, authors and the management at the organizations. If people are trained to do their jobs better quality can be instituted. Training is an organizational activity that also encompasses development. This differs from learning, which is an individual activity. T&D involve learning skills that are job-related and also that may not be job-related. Training serves to enhance the self-esteem and motivates the employees as they realiz e that the organization cares for them. Motivation has its own benefits as it helps in retention of talent and also succession planning in today’s turbulent business environment. The business environment requires continuous upgradation of skills. Training also brings about quality improvement across organizations. Training implies focus on human development which effectively exploits intellectual assets. Many organizations are apprehensive of setting up a training budget simply because they are not sure whether they derive any benefits from it.

Impacts on Environmental Policies for Air Pollution

Impacts on Environmental Policies for Air Pollution Implications for the Future In Charlotte, NC a problem of environmental, is air pollution. Air pollution is the preface of a combination of solid particles and gases into the atmosphere of Earth’s. Such solid particles and gases comprise biological particulates, materials, chemicals, and additional destructive materials. Air pollution has turn out to be a foremost apprehension for residents in the Charlotte Metropolitan area, since it is one of the prime and incessantly developing metropolitan regions in the USA. As a result, the pollution in this region has an effect on the environment and virtually 2.45 million humans beings and several animals. In addition the Charlotte Metropolitan region is one of the smoggiest metropolitan areas of the United States’ (Hankins, 2013). Air pollution adds to change in climate, have an effect on the welfare of the surroundings and that of human and animals life, and have an effect on the quality of life. Several strategies subsist for endorsing constructive environmental behavior to battle air pollution, and the positive and negative outcomes of air pollution can add to pro-environmental behavior. In addition, as for innovative technologies, there are negative and positive advances that have an effect on the environment and policies of environmental having an influence on the atmosphere. Strategies for Positive Environmental Behavior Promotion â€Å"Traffic and industrial air pollution sources increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in populations suffering with core cardiovascular disease† (Barrett (2012), p. 1). To support positive behavior of environment as for battling the air pollution effects or reducing the quantities of mixtures of solid particles and gases into the atmosphere, several strategies exist. In particular two strategies are to fetch about social alertness of the outcomes of air pollution and taking action in opposition to the actions of discharging mixtures of solid particles and gases into the environment. Social alertness is one means of promoting constructive environmental behavior that conveys attention to the outcomes of air pollution with respect to the environmental effects and illustrates the individuals attentions with respect to informative information in relation to the health risks of an environmental problem. Once individuals turn out to be aware, that is, relating to the environmental outcomes of air pollution then there is a superior possibility that this will endorse positive environmental behavior with reference to modifying processes and behavior that add to mixtures of solid particles and gases discharging into the environment. An additional strategy to endorse positive environmental behavior is to acquire action in opposition to the processes and behavior of release mixtures solid particles and of gases into the environment. By taking action, this demonstrates the apprehension with reference to this problem of environment, and action such can certainly endorse the positive behavior of environmental of others with reference to altering the behavior and processes that add to discharging mixtures of solid particles and gases into the environment. Negative and Positive outcomes of Air Pollution add to Pro-environmental Behavior Air pollution positive and negative consequences have the capability of escalating pro-environmental behavior in exacting ways. It might not appear similar to negative consequences of air pollution can add to pro-environmental behavior other than certainly this can. Air pollution negative consequences are that it has an effect on the environment, adds to change in climate, and adds in the decline of welfare of human and animals (Brunekreef Holgate, 2002). Particularly, for human beings, air pollution adds to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly for humans with core cardiovascular ailments (J.R. Barrett, (2012).). These sorts of unconstructive outcomes direct to pro-environmental actions with respect to protecting the human health and environment from the air pollution effects and the effects of change in climate. Such negative outcomes can result in endorsements for organizations and individuals that do not meet the terms to place standards in position to diminish th e release of mixtures of solid particles and gases into the atmosphere. As a result, such negative outcomes of sanctions direct to behavior that adds to stopping such negative outcomes of air pollution and directs to behavior of pro-environmental to evade from such sanctions. In regard to positive consequences escalating pro-environmental behavior, when individuals are aware of that combating the negative outcomes of air pollution directs to positive consequences for instance lessening the negative effects of air pollution with reference to the environmental and human life. As a result, this behavior endorses persons to act in pro-environmental ways to additional reduce the injuriousness connected with the undesirable outcomes of pollution of air, which directs to pro-environmental behavior. As well, such positive outcomes will persist to direct to pro-environmental behavior consecutively to not endure from additional or future outcomes of air pollution. How Technological Advancement have affected the Environment Technological progressions are making the production, processing, distribution, development, and exploration of natural resources and substitute resources extra cost effective, and protecting in regard to the environment. Technological advances provide humans a means of battling negative outcomes on the environment that are the effect of human mistake, human behavior with reference to exhaustion of natural resources, and additional human behavior that contributes to negative effects on environmental for instance air pollution. As a result, technological advancements can have positive effects on the atmosphere; on the other hand, technological advances can as well have unconstructive outcomes on the atmosphere. Quite a few positive and negative instances subsist of technological advancements that have an outcome on the surroundings. One positive instance especially is the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). â€Å"A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a kind of electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle which merges a conservative internal combustion engine (ICE) system of propulsion with an system of electric propulsion† (S. K. Kazmi, (2012). p. 40). These kinds of vehicles restrict the effects of emissions being discharged into the environment which adds to air pollution since they make use of systems of electric propulsion that do not need the utilization of fossil fuels. On the other hand, exacting technological advancements have restrictions, and cannot meet up explicit objectives or wants of humans with reference to not influencing the surroundings. As a result, the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are as well negative instances of how advancements in technological influence the environment. Hybrid Electric Vehicles make use of systems of electric propulsion together with internal combustion engine (ICE) system of propulsion (S. K. Kazmi, (2012).). As a result, they yet need the utilization of fossil fuels which discharge emissions into the environment and add to negative effects on environment for instance air pollution. as well, these types of vehicles yet depend on additional fossil fuels for instance oil to grease the stirring parts of their ICE propulsion systems; as a result, the fossil fuel demand yet remains. Technological advancments can have positive outcomes on the atmosphere other than at the similar time yet influence the environment in negative means. Assessing the Environmental Policies Influence , â€Å"Environmental policies can have negative and positive effects for individuals and for a society all together† (L.Steg, (2013). p. 257). Environmental policies are individuals and organizations commitments to position policies, laws, or rules that are of the concern of sustainability of environmental and issues of environmental. As for individuals they can both acknowledge and change behavior to act in accordance with with environmental policies or turn out to be subject to the outcomes of challenging such policies. Many environmental policies can negatively have an effect on a particular person since of the outcomes of not conforming with such policies; on the other hand, such policies have constructive outcomes for the preponderance of persons (L.Steg, (2013).).). As for society, when policies of environmental are in effect absolutely have an effect on society. Organizations and Individuals have influences on executing environmental policies in expressions of how both organizations and individuals have an effect on the environment and how what happens in and to the environment influences individuals or occupants of the environment. As a result, executing environmental policies take place at diverse levels with reference to protecting, effecting and targeting individuals and organizations consecutively to safeguard the environment and its occupants (L.Steg, (2013).). Environmental policies have constructive effects for the environment since they safeguard the environment, humans, animals, ecosystems, and from the negative actions of organizations and humans. Environmental policies incessantly require changing or improving, safeguard and protect the environment and occupants of the environment. Conclusion Air pollution is a problem of environment that has an effect on the safety of the environment, contributes to change in climate, and the welfare of human beings and animals. Strategies such as bringing in relation to social alertness of the air pollution effects to the environment and taking action in opposition to the actions of discharging emissions into the environment are proficient of endorsing positive environmental actions. The positive and negative consequences of air pollution have that ability of escalating pro-environmental actions. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) is instances of how technological advancement positively and negatively have an effect on the environment. In addition, environmental policies can have a constructive effect on the atmosphere when executing such policies. References J.R. Barrett, (2012). Air pollution intervention. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3), 1. B., Brunekreef, S. T. Holgate, (2002). Air pollution and health. The Lancet, 360(9341), 1233-42. M.Hankins, (2013). Charlotte Magazine. S. K. Kazmi, (2012). Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Pakistan Gulf Economist, 31(39), 40-42. L.Steg, (2013). Environmental psychology: An introduction. NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. Hoboken,

Finding the Light in the Dark with Bipolar Disorder Essay example -- B

Finding the Light in the Dark with Bipolar Disorder Affecting nearly one percent of the population of the United States, bipolar disorder has quickly become one of the leading forms of mental illness (Spearing). While advancements in medical science and technology have allowed researchers and physicians to understand its elements more clearly, the effects of bipolar disorder are tragic and often deadly. Often the negative results occur due to a lack of proper diagnosis: some seventy-five percent of bipolar cases go untreated (Spearing). Through proper education and public awareness, this serious disease can be properly diagnosed, treated and possibly cured. Bipolar disorder, as defined by the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, is a mood disorder that causes a person to suffer extreme emotional changes and shifts in mood. Previously known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder causes alternate periods of mania and depression. To fully understand the effects of this disease, it is important to comprehend the meanings of mania and depression. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines mania as â€Å"excitement manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior, and elevation of mood.† Depression, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death.† (Merriam-Webster). The combination of the two results in emotional chaos. Of all psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder is the most common, affecting between one and two million Americans (Spearing). While it affects males and females equally, there are a few distinctions that can be made about those who do have it. Amongst men, early onset bipolar disorder is more frequent while there is higher rate of rapid cycling, mixed states, and cyclothymia in women (Wurztel 28-31). Also, according to one survey, an estimated 59% of bipolar patients experienced their first symptoms when they were children or adolescents (Harakas G2). Studies show that bipolar disorder occurs in 1% of all age groups (Bipolar Survivor). Evanston Northwestern Hospital claims, â€Å"There is some indication that the incidence of bipolar disorder may be increasing.† While it is important to understand that bipolar disorder is a disease separa... ...ith, Gwendolyn Puryear, Ellen McGrath, Nancy Felipe Russo and Bonnie R. Strickland, eds. Women and Depression: Risk Factors and Treatment Issues. Baltimore: Electronic Publishing Services, 1990. Lieblich, Julia. "Managing a Manic Depressive." Harvard Business Review .May-June (1994): 20-32. McAtee, Jane. Personal interview. 1 Nov. 2003. McCredie, Scott. â€Å"When a Child is Mentally Troubled: Warning Signs Help Parents Know When to Seek Help.† The Seattle Times. 2 Oct. 2002: A7. McManamy, John. McMan's Depression and Bipolar Web. 1 Oct. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Online: the Language Center. 1 Oct. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Pendulum Resources. Bipolar Information. 23 Sep. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003 . Spearing, Melissa. Bipolar Disorder. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, 2003. Stuttaford, Dr. Thomas. â€Å"Mania That Inspired a Genius.† The Times. 29 May 2003, sec. Features, Health: 8 Wetzel, Mary C. "Strengths and Limits: Report by a Bipolar/Unipolar Self-Help Group." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 14 #4 (Apr 91): 81-86 Wurztel, Elizabeth. Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994.

Romulus, My Father – Essay

Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to places in Romulus, My Father. An individual's capacity to belong is primarily dependent on their personal experience, and varies in difficulty depending on the dynamics of each individual's personality and temperament. The landscape in which an individual resides has a definitive impact upon an individual’s sense of belonging. Furthermore, the specific place, in relation to where the individual literally resides, too influences ones sense of belonging.In Raimond Gaita's biographical memoir Romulus, My Father, the notion of belonging is strongly influenced by place. Both belonging and not belonging are explored through the characters sense of place, Romulus and Christine respectively. Romulus is able to successfully transition from Yugoslavia to Australia as he effectively endeavours to integrate his native culture – through Slivovitz, Yugoslavian friends and his native trade †“ into his newfound home. In contrast, Christine is unable to find any means of connection to the place or landscape and as a result becomes alienated.Raimond connects to place in his own unique way, using the landscape of rural Australia as a metaphor for belonging and subsequently finding a ‘place to call home’. Ultimately, Romulus, My Father explores the powerful influence that place holds over an individual’s sense of belonging. Throughout Raimond Gaita’s Romulus, My Father, Romulus Gaita’s sense of belonging is heavily influenced through a connection to place and landscape. Born in Yugoslavia, Romulus emigrated on an assisted passage in 1950 at the age of 28, with his young wife Christine and their four-year-old son Raimond soon after the end of World War II.While the transition between countries can often hold harsh and ominous repercussions on an individual’s sense of self, Romulus seems to successfully establish himself within the A ustralian community. Foremost, Romulus does so though an integration of his native culture. Immediately upon arriving at Baringhup in order to work, Romulus specifically seeks out his fellow Romanians and ultimately finds them in Hora and Mitru. Furthermore, his frequent drinking of Slivovitz, a Romanian brandy, coupled with his commitment to the trade he perfected in Romania highlights his commitment to his native country.This patriotism is ultimately accepted by the individuals Romulus associates with, and as a result strengthens his sense of belonging. The landscape of the Australian outback also has an impact on Romulus’ sense of belonging. Raimond often reflects on how Romulus feels isolated from the world, as a result of being away from the winterly forests of Europe. The effect is a slight diminution of Romulus’ sense of belonging as he at times longs to return to Yugoslavia.The peppercorn tree, situated in Frogmore, symbolises Romulus’ tether between his desire to return to Yugoslavia and his current location of Australia as it represents his native country, albeit located in his newfound home. Christine, Romulus’ wife, in contrast to Romulus himself, has her sense of belonging wrought through a disconnection towards place and landscape. It is evident at the beginning of the memoir that Christine feels a lack of belonging through living in Germany and as a result is the driving force behind the Gaita’s move to Australia.This act shows Christine’s inability to stay and commit to one place. Even upon arriving in Australia, Christine displays an inability to connect with the place she resides, and furthermore the landscape she is presented with. Despite only leaving Europe recently, Christine too seems to feel isolated by the Australian outback. The rural Australian landscape of Frogmore ultimately becomes too much for Christine, who subtly still longs for the winterly forests of Europe.Whether it is a result of h er unaccepted values in the eyes of the local community, her largely misunderstood mental illness or a strong disconnection to place and landscape, Christine is constantly on the move, which further highlighting her temporary nature. Time after time, Christine feels alienated by the landscape she surrounds herself with and ultimately feels the need to escape the alienation for good, resulting in her suicide. The dead red gum tree becomes a metaphor for her desolation, oppression and inability to become accustomed to the land.The tree, like Christine, is of complete contrast to its landscape; drawing parallels to Christine’s alienation. â€Å"The scraggy gum delineated against a dark blue backdrop of a sky. † Raimond is able to fashion his own sense of belonging through place in a way this is distinctively different from Romulus and Christine. The distinctive difference between Raimond and his parents is that Raimond is able to grow up in Australia. This ultimately has a major impact upon the way place shapes his sense of belonging. Raimond embraces his Australian environment, most notably through his school.Raimond, once again unlike his parents, is able to fully embrace the Australian culture without any significant ties to the European culture. It is in this way that Raimond is able to fully feel at home within the landscape of the rural Australian outback. Raimond relishes the rural landscape, which is further explored during his epiphany. Ultimately, an individual's capacity to belong is primarily dependent on their personal experience. However, the difficulties in belonging are derived from the dynamics of an individual's personality as their subjective perceptions of themselves and their surrounds influence their capacity to belong.Raimond Gaita's memoir, Romulus, My Father depicts the varying difficulties in belonging through the parallel portrayal of Christine and Raimond; asserting that Christine' temporary nature prevented her from achi eving a sense of belonging. Raimond's sense of belonging is shaped through coming to terms with his bucolic setting, in contrast to the innate connection to the land of his father. Thus, belonging is seen as a subjective notion whereby the hazards and difficulties of achieving belonging are varied dependent on the dynamics of the individual’s personality and temperament.

Spirit of St. Louis essays

Spirit of St. Louis essays In a Garden City Hotel near Roosevelt Field, there are publicans working on numerous news articles. In a hotel room, Charles Landenberg sleeps delightfully. While in his room trying to fall asleep he thinks about his trip to Paris and he also reminisces about the times of how he used to be an airmail pilot. He thinks about the times when hed always fly in horrible weather. When he tried to fly the plane in bad weather, the plane broke down; therefore, he decides to take the train. There he realizes he want to purchase a plane of his own, which he calls Columbia Airpcraft to sponsor him; however, he were reluctant to help so he called Global Democrat; moreover, they were interested because of his spirit, preservation and motivation. With that spirit, the name of the plane became The Spirit of St. Louis. While building the plane he was informed that 2 other men has died trying to attempt the same thing. It had taken 63 days to finish building the plane; however, when they finish , Charles found out about 2 men whom were from Paris that had passed away while trying to fly over the Atlantic. Even though knowing about the incident, he decides to go to St. Louis anyway to prepare for his flight. His sponsors tries to convince Charles not to fly; however, it seemed impossible. During his stay in St. Louis, he reminisces of the old childhood days such as when he use to train with a priest who have given him a necklace that symbolizes that when he flies he is closer to God. He then decides to take his flight a few hours early; therefore, he is off preparing for the flight. Before his flight, one of his managers puts the necklace that the priest gave him into the plane for Charles. Landenberg takes off into the shadowy sky. After 28 hours he almost falls asleep and the weather turns stormy. A little while later, he is over the Atlantic Ocean and then spots an iceberg, which he considers on landing on to take ...

How to Be a Great Speech Writer

How to Be a Great Speech Writer So if you decided to write a speech on any topic, or a professor asked you to make a speech on a specific subject – you need some assistance in writing it, or you need to find a qualified speech writer to write the whole paper for you. The main point of doing speeches – is to be able to write a great quality speech according to your own personality, for you to be able to deliver the message of the statement to the audience effectively. Though it is perceived that the central part of the speech is the speech itself – it is wrong. The principal obligation of a quality speech writer is to be able to write a good statement, for it to be interesting for the audience, as well as to stress on the essential parts of the speech. Here are several tips on how to be a good speech writer, and manage to write a good speech for your class: Try focusing on the audience’s taste and field of interest. A good speech writer always defines what the audience will be interested in, and tries to incorporate his speech according to these interests. Never use too sophisticated language. The audience hates to admit that you are smarter than they are, so try not to sound too bright for the speech. Avoid passive voice. The most critical questions in the speech are â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Who?† A speech writer has to focus on these questions to build a good, comprehensive paper. It does not matter if you are an informative speech writer or a persuasive speech writer – you have to maintain a good and profound structure, logical and algorithmic. The best speech writers always think ahead of all consequences of the things they say in their speech. You have to be able to foresee the questions you might be asked during the speech, and you have to be able to explain yourself and answer them correctly and efficiently. All professional speech writers need to check the speeches they have written afterward. You need to reread the speech like twelve times before you can be able to stand up in front of the whole audience and communicate your message. If you are having problems with your speech – why not ask for help from an expert? CustomWritings.com can easily help and assist you with your statement. We are ready to provide you with a professional speech writer, who will help you and develop your speech for it to look magnificent, and for you to be able to succeed with the speech. CustomWritings.com has been helping students for more than ten years, and has excellent experience in speech writing. If you inquire right now – you will receive speech assistance in a matter of seconds.

Strategic Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Communication - Essay Example However, the periodic reports target the management team as the main audience so that it can make informed decisions. The presentation of the periodic reports highlights four critical elements, namely a statement of significance, a statement of integrity, monitoring, and conclusions. Other types of reports are situational reports presented by different individuals within the organization concerning the progress of projects or after attending conferences. The presentation of situational reports depends on the purpose of the report. This is to mean that progress reports are different from conference reports. In other occasions, the organization mandates the preparation of investigative reports hen a problem or a situation deserving attention emerges. Usually, investigative reports begin by introducing the problem and then provide details of all the facts and findings surrounding the problem, and finally a summary. Other types of reports that I am familiar with include the compliance reports, prepared by the organization to demonstrate its adherence to the government regulations. The presentation of compliance reports includes detailed background information as well as a preview of all the sections included. After the preview, the report comprises of the content couples with data and figures and finally a summary, which highlights the objective of the report. My organization also prepares analytical reports such as research reports, recommendation reports, feasibility reports, and yardstick reports. Analytical reports have an introduction, which introduces the objective of the report and the findings follow. The finding section presents all the advantages and the disadvantages of each alternative. After the findings, a recommendation section follows, and finally the conclusion. In my opinion, an employee like Scott, who wants her company to consider funding the project mentioned, should present a proposal in writing. In the

A day in the life of Alex Sander Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A day in the life of Alex Sander - Case Study Example ndon, the 360-degree feedback is used as a confidential and anonymous system where the employees receive the feedback from the people who works with them. The people who provide the feedback at Landon consists of the employees in the downward hierarchy, the upward hierarchy and the peer groups and also the outsiders directly involved with the activities at Landon. From the sample of feedback form in the case, it seems that around ten to twelve people are embraced in the entire process of feedback. Every person providing the feedback is required to fill up an anonymous feedback form that involves a number of areas in the competencies at workplace. The anonymous form asks the participants to put their views on the form according to certain rated areas. The areas are the greatest strengths of the employees and those that require further developments in the workplace. The participants are also asked to cite examples of instances that can provide evidence to their comments. The person who receives feedback from the people in the organization is also needed to fill a self-rating form where the rating areas remain the same as that of others. The completely filled feedback forms are handed over to the employees and after the employees go through the form once, they are asked to meet their boss for counseling. 1.2 Mode of Using the 360-Degree Feedback The appraisal system of 360-degree feedback should be primarily used by the companies for fulfilling the following objectives: 1.2.1 Help Employees to Become More Effective The 360-degree feedback should be used as a tool of development for helping the employees in recognizing their strengths and weaknesses so that they can focus more on the strengths and reduce or remove the weaknesses for becoming more effective in achieving their assigned goals. If the appraisal can be done properly, it acts as a highly effective tool for development, both for the employees as well as for the companies as a whole. The process should be used in a way that provides the people an opportunity for citing feedback to the performance of their co-workers. The recipients of the feedback should be accordingly provided proper motivation so that they can excel in their jobs. 1.2.2 Measure Employee Performance The appraisal format should focus more on the competencies and behaviors of the employees rather than on the basic skills, objectives of performance and requirements of the job. This approach should be followed because these attributes of the employees are best observed and addressed by peers and managers as a part of the performance review and appraisal process annually. It is possible through the technique to review the management performance more appropriately. The 360-degree appraisal system should be used with proper and clear communication of the entire process to the employees. Solution to the Question No: 2 2.1 Behaviors of Alex that had Greater Impact on the Data of 360-Degree The people who are working under th e supervision of Alex Sander perceived his nature differently. This is because of the fact that Alex was dedicated towards his works and had consistently shown aggression in every job that he performed. But according to his peers, upward colleagues and downward colleagues, at certain times, his dedication takes the form of violence and this is the reason that Alex has received